At 03:09 PM 2/10/2006, you wrote: >So is it best to abandon ifs with === and !==? No, this is in many/most cases the best way; see http://www.nyphp.org/phundamentals/variableevaluation.php Michael Southwell, Vice President for Education New York PHP http://www.nyphp.com/training - In-depth PHP Training Courses